Benefit Versus Risk

Benefit versus risk.

Male circumcision: risk versus benefit.

Ancient wall paintings and mummies record the practice of male circumcision 6000 years ago. Its origins remain obscure but are variously derived from religion, ritual and culture. Today, surgical indications for circumcision are either therapeutic, to treat established conditions such as balanitis xerotica obliterans, or preventive. In 2012, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) radically ch...

Multiple-level Replantation in Elderly Patients: Risk Versus Benefit

Multiple-level amputations of the upper extremity represent a surgical challenge generally only attempted in young patients. This case demonstrates a successful replantation in an elderly woman. The postoperative course was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy most likely due to inadequate resuscitation. Hand trauma is often underestimated in its general severity. Upper extrem...

Ovarian Shielding during Pelvis Radiography: Risk Versus Benefit

Radiography of the pelvis is one of the most common and more frequent radiographic examinations ordered, especially in children [1]. It is estimated that annually a million pelvic radiographs were documented in the UK [2] with frequency of 39 per 1000 of population [3]. Since the 1950s, much focus has been placed on pelvis x-ray examination due to it is associated with direct gonad irradiation ...

Drug-induced valve disease and considerations of benefit versus risk.

Data from epidemiological studies, and a single randomized trial, have plausibly suggested that a variety of amphetamine-related molecules can cause valvular morphological lesions and variable degrees of valvular dysfunction. 10 Though a causal relationship has not been unequivocally proven, cellular mechanisms have been defined that may account for such a relationship. However, early in the ex...